How to design the axial positioning and fixing of shafts in the design?

In the actual design process, many axial positioning and fixing of shafts and other parts are encountered, so how to design their positioning and fixing?


1. Shaft shoulder and collar positioning and fixing


Features and applications: Simple and reliable structure, able to bear large axial force. Generally, a=0.07d+(1~2)mm, b≥1.4a, r<c, r<R, a>c. The a value of the shaft shoulder where the rolling bearing is installed is determined by the installation requirements of the rolling bearing.


2. Round nut positioning and fixing


Features and applications: Reliable fixation, able to bear large axial force. Anti-loosening measures are required, such as double nuts and stop washers as shown in the figure. For the structural dimensions of round nuts and stop washers, see GB/T810, GB/T812 and GB/T858. The structure is more complicated. When the thread is on the load-bearing shaft section, it will weaken the fatigue strength of the shaft.


3. Conical surface positioning and fixing


Features and applications: There is no radial gap between the shaft and the hub. It is easy to assemble and disassemble, and can withstand impact loads. It is mostly use for positioning and fixing shaft end parts. Taper processing is more troublesome. High concentricity but inaccurate axial positioning. Keys may not use for high-speed, light-load and high coaxiality requirements. For the structural dimensions of the conical shaft extension, see GB/T1570.


4. Positioning and fixing of the elastic retaining ring


Features and applications: Simple and compact structure, can only bear small axial force, poor reliability. When the retaining ring is located on the bearing shaft section, the strength of the shaft is severely weakened. See GB/T894.1, GB/T894.2 for the structural dimensions of the shaft circlip and shaft groove.


5. Positioning and fixing of shaft end retaining ring


Features and applications: It is suitable for positioning and fixing the required parts at the shaft end. It can withstand severe vibration and impact loads, and anti-loosening measures are required. Such as the anti-loosening structure in the figure. See GB/T891 and GB/T892 for the structural dimensions of the shaft end retaining ring.


6. Locating and fixing the locking retaining ring


Features and applications: The structure is simple and cannot withstand large axial forces. Where there is shock and vibration, anti-loosening measures should be taken. See GB/T883, GB/T884, GB/T885 for the structural dimensions of the locking retaining ring.


7. Sleeve positioning and fixing


Features and applications: Simple and reliable structure. It is suitable for positioning and fixing between two parts on the shaft. And there is no need for slotting or drilling on the shaft. The axial force of the part can be directly transmitted to the bearing without the shaft.


8. Shaft end baffle positioning and fixing


Features and applications: suitable for the positioning and fixing of the shaft end of the mandrel. And can only bear small axial forces.


9. Locating and fixing the set screw


Features and applications: It is suitable for occasions where the axial force is small. And the rotational speed is very low or only to prevent accidental axial slippage. At the same time, and it can play the role of circumferential and axial positioning and fixing. See GB/T71 for the structural dimensions of set screws with tapered ends.


10. Pin positioning and fixing


Features and applications: simple structure, used for small force. And at the same time, it can play the role of circumferential and axial positioning and fixing.


In a word, the above is the axial positioning and fixing of shafts and other parts. And if you have any questions, please contact BTMA Machinery.

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